Monday, January 28, 2013

Extended Essay 1


For centuries, since the acts of reading and writing were first formed, the way that people read and write has been changing constantly.  We are now entering an era in which the way we read and write is being influenced by rapidly advancing new technologies and the Internet.  This brings concern to many people as to whether or not the changes occurring in this day and age are either beneficial or detrimental to the “problems” the U.S. has regarding literacy.  According to the website Dictionary.com, which I was able to reach instantly thanks to the marvel of the internet, to be literate is to be “1. able to read and write. 2. having or showing knowledge of literature, writing, etc.; literary; well-read.” One of the first aspects of reading and writing we covered in Unit 1 of this writing course was the phenomenon of the internet and how it has changed the way writers are able to reach and share pieces that they write with their audiences at an immense scale, while also providing instant access to the reader’s interests.  The second piece of writing that we were provided with in this unit was the article Is Google Making Us Stupid, written by Nicholas Carr, in which the writer mentions that he and other writers have noticed a bit of a change in the way they read.  Next, we were exposed to the pessimistic article written by Chris Hedges.  He explains that America is trapped in a dependency for image based information, and that the minority of the people that live in the U.S. are actually living in the literate world.  The last two pieces that we read for this unit are completely based on the topic of literacy.  One of the articles, written by Sylvia Scribner, called Literacy in Three Metaphors, gave us a neutral scientific analysis of literacy, while the other, written by Andrea Lunsford, Our Semi-illiterate Youth? Not So Fast, shows us the opinion of the writer backed up by two social studies.
             Sullivan shares his love for reading and writing through his explanation of the phenomenon of blogging in his opinion.  To begin, the author mentions the connection between blogs and the act of keeping logs in past times.  They are different in a sense that through blogs, the author can compose a small piece of writing and reach his audience at the click of a button to just a few seconds, while logs were recorded for long periods of time and were not available to other readers until the traveler arrived at his destination.  But on the other they have the similar component of providing a sort of enlightenment or entertainment through the act of writing and expressing opinions and personalities.  The writer was first exposed to the world of blogging when he encountered the website, “blogger,” which is coincidentally the same website we have been using to blog in this course.  He recognized that it was necessary for him to have a presence in the new and rapidly expanding online universe.  In his article, Sullivan indirectly sheds a bit of light on the fear of illiteracy by explaining that blogs create an open table for writers to let go of their writing and become exposed to others that will then provide feedback.
            Nicholas Carr recalls being able to “immerse himself in a book or a lengthy article” (Carr).  The author seems to share that he is developing some sort of attention deficit disorder as he notices that he tends to dose off after just several pages of a piece of writing.  One part of Carr’s article that stood out to me was the way that he states the fact that he is not the only one that is noticing a change in the way people read today.  Other writers have also begun to observe that they read books very little or close to none, which shows how the Internet has caused the ultimate demise of information shared through writing in the form of books.  This has created a new type of way to read, which is known as power browsing.
            To ridicule the country from which you hail can most commonly be seen as a taboo in the U.S.  The way that Chris Hedges does this is by explaining that the people in this country are becoming completely dependent on image-based information, rather than information shared through books as it was in the past.  The writer dives into the topic of presidential candidates and the fact that they are forced to lower the speaking level of their speeches to one of a 6th grader, while in the past, presidential candidates spoke with a speaking level of a 12th grader or higher, which I find to be a little saddening coming from one of the leading countries of the world.  As I stated in one of my blogs for this unit, “knowing that presidential candidates are lowering their speaking levels to accommodate the majority of citizens, and that entertainment providers are shifting their outputs to lower quality levels due to the desired quality by the illiterate public is surprising…” (Hedges)
            Sylvia Scribner, an American psychologist and educational researcher that graduated with a masters and a PhD from well known schools, sheds a bit of light on the topic of literacy in her article Literacy in Three Metaphors, considering her extreme focus on the subject.  The way I comprehended her piece was that she separates literacy into three different stages, which one must work for.  The first is literacy as adaptation and it refers to “commonsense” literacy skills that most humans begin to develop early on in life.  The author describes the next stage, literacy as power, as a “relationship between literacy and group community advancement,” (Scribner) which is socio-political side of the culture of literacy.  The last stage, literacy as a state of grace, ties into religiously focused communities that have “the tendency…to endow the literate person with special virtues,” (Scribner) simply because they have the ability to read the texts.
            Unlike many of the other authors that we studied during this unit, Andrea Lunsford has an optimistic point of view regarding the change in reading and writing that is overcoming humans.  In a study of writing that Lunsford began about a decade ago, she had students not only write pieces that were required for school, but also “life writing,” which was to be concentrated on topics that the students were interested in.  It turns out that those students became much more enthusiastic and committed to the writing they did out of class.  The author states that we are becoming stronger in some fields of writing such as spelling, which has increased by 300% in the past 25 years thanks to a study she conducted.  Lunsford explains that the new type of writers just have different styles that they can incorporate for certain situations; such as using lingo when texting a friend, and then being able to switch from informal to completely formal for lets say a business report.  In the studies that were done by Lunsford, “these students did plenty of emailing, and texting; they were online a good part of every day; they joined social networking sites enthusiastically.  But rather than leading to a new illiteracy, these activities seemed to help them develop a range of writing styles, tones, and formats along with a range of abilities.” (Lunsford)






Works Cited
Carr, Nicholas. "Is Google Making Us Stupid?" The Atlantic. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2013.
Hedges, Chris. "Chris Hedges: America the Illiterate - Chris Hedges' Columns -Truthdig." Truthdig Main News. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2013.
Lunsford, Andrea. "Our Semi-literate Youth?" Stanford.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2013.
Scribner, Sylvia. "Literacy in Three Metaphors." Harringtontech. N.p., 3 Jan. 2007. Web. 28 Jan. 2013.
Sullivan. "Why I Blog." The Atlantic. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2013.

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